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TCP and UDP

 

  1. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol):
  • Reliable, error-checked delivery of data packets
  • Connection-oriented protocol
  • Slower than UDP due to error checking and retransmission of lost packets
  • Used for applications that require guaranteed delivery of data, such as email, file transfers, and web browsing.
  1. UDP (User Datagram Protocol):
  • Connectionless and unreliable protocol
  • Faster than TCP as it does not include error checking and retransmission
  • Used for real-time applications where speed is more important than guaranteed delivery, such as video and audio streaming, online gaming, and voice over IP.
  1. Packets:
  • Units of data transmitted over the internet
  • Divide data into manageable pieces for transfer
  • Contain header information for routing and error checking
  1. Header information:
  • Contains source and destination addresses, packet sequence numbers, error checking information, and other data needed for routing and error checking.
  1. Connection-oriented:
  • TCP requires a reliable connection to be established before data transfer
  • Maintains the connection until it is closed by one of the devices
  1. Connectionless:
  • UDP does not establish a connection before data transfer
  • Each packet is sent individually and is self-contained
  1. Error Checking:
  • TCP performs error checking to ensure that all data packets are received accurately
  • UDP does not perform error checking
  1. Retransmission:
  • TCP retransmits lost packets to ensure accurate delivery
  • UDP does not retransmit lost packets
  1. Flow control:
  • TCP regulates the flow of data to prevent overloading the receiving device
  • UDP does not regulate the flow of data
  1. Port numbers:
  • Used to identify specific applications or services on a device
  • TCP and UDP use different port numbers for different applications.

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